naSarah Wray, Mupepeti, Cities Today
https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/05/smart-home-iot-benefits-social-care-older-persons/
Kukwira kwemitengo yekuchengetedza vanhu, kukwegura kwevanhu, uye kushomeka kwevashandi vekutarisira varwere zvinounza matambudziko makuru kuvakuru vemunharaunda yeUK.
Vanhu vakawanda vari kutsvaga kuti matekinoroji matsva ekubatsira anogona sei kubatsira vagari vemo vasina dziviriro kuti vagare vakazvimiririra kwenguva yakareba mudzimba dzavo, zvichivandudza hupenyu hwavo ukuwo zvichibatsira kuenzanisa bhajeti.
Makanzuru anofanirawo kugadzirira shanduko yeanalogue kuenda kudhijitari muna 2025, izvo zvinoda kuti mhinduro dzakawanda dze telecare dzivandudzwe.
Matekinoroji ari kuunzwa anosanganisira masensa, masipika akangwara nemwenje, virtual reality, uye kutaurirana kwemavhidhiyo. Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvine mukana wekuratidza simba rechokwadi redzimba dzakangwara kupfuura manomano ezvishandiso uye nyore kwazvo.
Kukura kwemari nekukura kwemari zvinogara zviri matambudziko. Kuti zvifambire mberi kubva pakuedza uye miedzo, makanzuru akati wandei ari kutanga kugadzira hukama hutsva uye nzira dzemari.
Kicheni inotaura nyaya
Kanzuru yeSutton muLondon yanga ichishanda neSutton Housing Group pamwe nekambani yetekinoroji yeIoT Solutions Group kuti ishandise masensa anosvika zana nemakumi mashanu ari mumba ayo anopa ruzivo rwechokwadi nezvedanho rebasa remunhu.
Kushandira pamwe kwaive kwatoenderera mberi panyaya dzekushandiswa kweIoT dzine chekuita nemarara nekupaka mota. Sezvo kudiwa kwerubatsiro rwevanhu kwakawedzera panguva yedenda uye kutaurirana nevanhu kwaifanira kuderedzwa, IoT Solutions Group yakakurumidzisa chigadzirwa chitsva.
Sensor iyi inotarisa shanduko mumamiriro ekunze - akadai sekubikisa ketero, kuvhura musuwo kana kugadzira chikafu, uye inogonawo kuona matambudziko akadai sekushaya mafuta kana hunyoro.
Masensa anoshandisa bhatiri, akabatana ne network ine simba shoma (LPWAN), akaunzwa kuburikidza nebhokisi retsamba, pasina mapulagi, waya kana magadzirirwo anodiwa uye pasina chikonzero chekubatanidza internet mumba.
“[Vagari] vanokwanisa kuiisa mukicheni vokanganwa nezvayo,” anodaro Neal Forse, Muvambi & CTO kuIoT Solutions Group.
"Shanduko dzemumhepo dzinoonekwa nesensa dzinounganidzwa mugore, uye ndipo patinomhanyisa ongororo dzese, tichishandisa maalgorithms ekuona mashandiro evanhu kusiyana nechero chimwe chinhu."
Izvi zvinoumba 'mapatya edhijitari' emunhu wega wega zvichibva pamaitiro avo emazuva ese uye zvinoita kuti pave neyambiro yekukurumidza kune mutarisiri, nhengo yemhuri kana mukuru wezvekugara akazvimiririra kana shanduko mumaitiro acho dzikaonekwa.
Izvi zvinopa imwe nzira yekumisa maalarm efoni, semuenzaniso, ayo vagari vanofanira kusundidzira uye, sezvakataurwa naBradley Coupar, Smart Place Project Manager uye Social Worker, Sutton Council, "kazhinji vanopedzisira varembera kana kuiswa mudhirowa".
Coupar anoti hurongwa uhwu hwakatotanga kubatsira vanhu nekukurumidza uye hwakaponesa hupenyu hwemunhu mumwe chete apo mugari wemo akadonha mumba make.
Anoti chirongwa ichi chakaratidzawo mabhenefiti ekuona data uye kushandisa machine learning ne predictive analytics kuti zvive nyore kushandisa, kwete kuita zvinhu zvisina kunaka. Chine mukana wekuderedza mari inoshandiswa nekanzuru iyo inoshandisa mari inodarika 70 muzana yebhajeti rayo pakutarisira magariro evanhu.
"Chinangwa hachisi chekubvisa hukama nevanhu [kana kuderedza] rutsigiro rwuri kupinda, asi ndechekuona kuti unowana rutsigiro rwakakodzera panguva yakakodzera nenzira dzakakodzera," anodaro.
Sevhisi yeIoT Solutions Group sensor inodhura mari inosvika 10 GBP (13 USD) pamwedzi pamudziyo wega wega, uye zvidzikiso zvinoshandiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemasensa uye nguva yechibvumirano.
"Midziyo [yekufonera] yatinayo pari zvino mudzimba dzevanhu — mutengo wayo unopfuura zvikuru," anodaro Coupar.
Chinokosha pakuita kuti tekinoroji iwanikwe zvakanyanya kuburikidza nenzira yakarongeka.
Padanho rinotevera rekuyedza, mudziyo uyu uchabatanidzwa mumapuratifomu akati wandei evanopa rubatsiro rwefoni, izvo zvichaitawo kuti usvike kune mamwe matunhu emunharaunda kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
"Dambudziko raunosangana naro nevatyairi vendege nderekuti tekinoroji haina kuiswa sechigadzirwa uye haina kubatana nezvimwe zvese zvezvivakwa zve telecare," anodaro Coupar. "Kubatanidza zvishandiso zvitsva mumamodeli aripo atinawo chinhu chandiri kukurudzira zvikuru."
Vandudza, usagadzira zvinhu zvitsva
Kufanana naSutton, Dare reGuta reNewcastle rakadzidzawo kuburikidza nekuyedza kuti kushanda nevanoshanda navo kwakakosha.
Dare remakurukota rinoshanda neUrban Foresight semubatsiri waro wekuvandudza shanduko yedhijitari. Nekushandisa nzira inotungamirwa nematambudziko, sevhisi yekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze mukutarisira vanhu vakuru yakaonekwa senzvimbo iyo maturusi edhijitari anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya - kunyanya zvine chekuita nekudonha. Sevhisi yenguva pfupi inobatsira vanhu kupora nekugara vakazvimiririra kumba mushure mekugara muchipatara kana kuchinja kwezvinodiwa.
Maitiro ekuwana ruzivo akawana kuti 41 muzana yevashandisi ve reablement service vanowira pasi vasati vachengetwa kana panguva yekuchengetwa kwavo, uye izvi zvaisanyorwa pasi. Zvikonzero zvakajairika zvaive kusadya nekunwa zvakakwana, kubata-bata zvakanyanya kana kudonha pavanenge vachifamba-famba mumba, uye kudiwa kwekugadzikana uye kusimba zviri nani.
Chikwata ichi chakaongorora tekinoroji kuti chione kuti ndezvipi zvishandiso zvingabatsira pamwe neongororo yevashandisi pamusoro pekuti vanhu vanonzwa sei nezve tekinoroji yedhijitari.
Vakasarudza maspika eAmazon Alexa akangwara ekuyeuchidza vanhu kudya nekunwa, mwenje wePhilips Smart Hue wekubatsira vanhu kufamba-famba kumba, uye chirongwa chekuvandudza muviri chakaitwa kuburikidza nefoni yevhidhiyo.
"Takashamisika kuti vangani vanhu vane Wi-Fi uye vane hunyanzvi hwedhijitari uye vaida kushandisa matekinoroji matsva kuti vagare zvakanaka kudzimba dzavo," anodaro Emma Clement, Senior Consultant kuUrban Foresight.
Kushandiswa kwechirongwa ichi kwaive kushoma - kubva muchirimo cha2021, vashandisi gumi nevaviri vakagamuchira tekinoroji dzakasiyana zvichienderana nezvavanoda, asi Ben McLaughlan, Maneja weService, Care Services for Adult Social Care uye Integrated Services kuNewcastle City Council, anoti kunyangwe padanho iri chirongwa ichi chakapa zvidzidzo zvakakosha.
Chishandiso cheAlexa chakabudirira zvikuru pakukurudzira, mwenje wekuchenjera waishanda asi wakaonekwa se "wakaoma zvakanyanya kune mapurogiramu akaedzwa," uye application yekufona vhidhiyo haina kupfuudzwa kunze kweuchapupu hwepfungwa nekuda kwezvinetso zvekubatanidza.
Kuburikidza neprojekti iyi, hurongwa hwakagadzirwawo hwekuti kudonha kwemimhanzi kuve nani.
Chidzidzo chikuru chekanzuru kwaive kushandisa simba rayo. Kuedzwa kwakaratidza kuti timu yekugadzirisa zvinhu ndiyo iri panzvimbo yakanakisisa yekutsigira vakuru mukushandisa matekinoroji kuti vazadzise zvinangwa zvavo, kwete kuaisa. Muchikamu chinotevera, kanzuru neUrban Foresight vachashanda nemumwe mushandi we telecare ane ruzivo rwekutanga tekinoroji yekumba uye kugadzirisa nyaya dzakadai sekudzora masheya nekutenga.
"Pfungwa yatatora ndeyekuti: vandudza, usagadzire zvinhu zvitsva," anodaro Clement.
Kuongorora kukosha kwemari kwakagumisa kuti kushandisa tekinoroji yevatengi kunochengetedza mari uye kuti dai chirongwa ichi chakadzivirira kudonha kamwe chete, chingadai chakazvibhadhara kanopfuura kaviri.
Chikamu chinotevera chichaedzawo mapendendi anoshandisa kutaurirana nefoni kuti akwanise kupfekwa kunze kwemba, uye anosanganisira nzira yekutevera nzvimbo yekubatsira vanhu vane dementia vanogona kurasika. Midziyo yeAlexa ichaedzwazve munzvimbo yekuchengetedza varwere.
Clement akati zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakakosha zvakadzidzwa kukosha kwekutora nzira yakavakirwa pamatambudziko, yekusaziva tekinoroji, pamwe nekuva nemushandi akazvipira kutarisira chirongwa ichi.
Basa iri riri kubatanidzwawo muCollaborative Newcastle, mubatanidzwa pakati pekanzuru, masangano ehutano nemagariro evanhu, vezvipiri nemayunivhesiti ekuvandudza hutano nekugara zvakanaka muguta. Chirongwa ichi chave nedhijitari, izvo zvichabatsira kuona kuti mazano matsva ari kuongororwa nenzira yakazara, anodaro McLaughlan.
Kudzoka pakudyara mari
Liverpool iri kuedza tekinoroji yehutano hwedhijitari kuburikidza netiweki yayo ye5G. Izvi zvinotsigira mashandisirwo akakosha uye zvinopa kugona kwekutaura, izvo Ann Williams, Commissioning and Contracts Manager weAdult Social Services kuLiverpool City Council, anoti ndizvo zvakakosha.
"Kune masensa akawanda anogona kushandisa IoT uye akanaka kwazvo," anodaro. "Akachipa pane michina yechinyakare ye telecare, saka izvozvo zvakanaka. Asi tinoziva kuti haigone kutsiva system ye telecare nenzira imwecheteyo nekuti haugone kutaura nezwi."
Chikamu chekutanga chebasa iri chakatanga muna Kubvumbi 2018 sechikamu cheDhipatimendi reTsika, Midhiya neMitambo's 5G Testbeds and Trials Programme uye chakatora mwedzi makumi maviri.
Chirongwa ichi, icho chakanzi ndicho chekutanga chekuedza hutano chinotsigirwa ne5G muEurope, chakagamuchira 4.9 miriyoni GBP (6.4 miriyoni USD) kuyedza kuti tekinoroji ye5G ingape sei mabhenefiti ehutano nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu munharaunda ine urombo hwedhijitari.
Yakaunzwa neboka revanhu vakasiyana-siyana uye matekinoroji gumi nerimwe akaedzwa nevazvipiri, anosanganisira maapplication ekuderedza kusurukirwa, masevhisi ehutano hwepamhepo, kukanganiswa kwemarwadzo echokwadi, masensa ezvakatipoteredza, mudziyo wekudzivirira kupera mvura mumuviri, uye link yevhidhiyo yemishonga inoita kuti vanhu vatore mushonga vakachengeteka kumba.
Ongororo yakagumisa kuti kushandisa kunogona kuvandudza hutano uye hupenyu hwevashandisi vebasa uye kuwedzera kugona kwemabasa ehutano nemagariro evanhu.
Ongororo iyi yakaverengera kuti mari inoshandiswa muhutano nemagariro evanhu inodarika 200,000 GBP pavanhu 100 pagore inoshandiswa inogona kuderedzwa zvichienderana netekinoroji inoshandiswa.
Chikamu chechipiri cheprojekiti iyi chakapihwa imwe mari inosvika mamiriyoni mana nematatu emapaunzi (4.3 miriyoni GBP) yekuvaka network ye5G yega yebasa rehutano nerubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa muLiverpool.
Tekinoroji dzinosanganisira mudziyo wekurapa wekutarisira nekutarisa mamiriro ehutano uri kure, app inodzidzisa matekiniki ekuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo, sevhisi yeGP iri kure, kurapa nekutarisira maronda uye tekinoroji yekunzwa.
Chirongwa ichi chakawedzerwa nguva pfupi yadarika kuti chishande kusvika munaGunyana 2022 uye chinangwa ndechekugadzira 'purani' yekushandisa network dze5G dzakavanzika mukupa mabasa everuzhinji.
Chirongwa ichi chichaguma nekuongorora kwakadzama nyaya yebhizinesi re5G yakazvimirira.
Williams akati izvi zvichave nezvemabhenefiti ehupenyu hwakanaka pamwe chete nemari yakaoma uye zvinogona kusanganisira zvinhu zvakaita semari inodziviswa kuburikidza nevanhu vanogara vakazvimiririra kwenguva yakareba, kudzikira kwekudonha uye maawa ekuchengeta vakasununguka.
Kuongorora mabhenefiti anowanikwa zvinoreva kuva pachena nezvezvinangwa, anodaro.
"Tagara tiine pfungwa yekuti tekinoroji haishande zvakanaka. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzetekinoroji dzinoita kunge dzakaoma, asi mubvunzo ndewokuti: iri kugadzirisa dambudziko renguva refu here?"
Mhedzisiro yenetwork
Kunyange hazvo nyaya yebhizinesi isiri nyaya yemari chete, maguta anofanira kufunga kuti mapurogiramu angatsigirwa sei kwenguva refu.
Nzira iri kukura yekuratidza nyaya yebhizinesi inzira yakazara.
"Tine maonero akakura everuzhinji kwete hutano nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu chete," anodaro Williams. "Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvatingashandise [network] iyi."
Zvichiratidza mafambiro ezvinhu, chirongwa cheLiverpool chiri kubatanidzwa mukuedza kuderedza kupatsanurwa kwedhijitari kuitira kuti vanhu vakawanda vagone kuwana mikana yepamhepo yekudzidza, yebasa uye yemagariro evanhu.
Uyezve, nekuti network yeLiverpool ndeyevanhu, guta rinogona kupa 'zvidimbu' kune vanoshanda nenetwork dzemafoni kuti vazadze mipata yekuvhara.
“Izvozvo zvinoshandura hukama hwakajairika nemakambani emafoni,” anodaro Williams. “Imwe yemakambani makuru yakati kwandiri: ‘Ann, hatina dhipatimendi rekuti makanzuru anotitengesera: tinokutengesa.’”
Williams anotarisira kuti nzira iyi "inovhiringidza" iwedzere kufarirwa nevakuru vemunharaunda.
Kugamuchira
Dzimba dzevanhu ndidzo nzvimbo dzavo dzakavanda zvikuru saka pane mibvunzo yekuti kuongorora kwedhijitari kunogona kupindira here.
Coupar anoti vagari vashoma kwazvo vakapihwa basa iri muSutton vakaramba. Hapana kurekodhwa kwemifananidzo kana odhiyo kunoitika, uye hapana ruzivo rwemunhu rwunounganidzwa.
"Zvaive nyore kutaura chokwadi nekuti pakanga pasina chikonzero chekuisa zvinhu zvakaoma. Panguva iyo vanhu vainetseka zvikuru nezvehutano hwavo, ndinofunga zvaifarirwa kuti vakuru vemunharaunda vaifunga nzira dzekuchengetedza vanhu."
Newcastle yakaona kuti vamwe vagari vemo vaitya pavakafonerwa uye zvakaratidza kukosha kuendesa michina yacho kwavari voiratidza.
Urban Foresight yakapa gwara pamusoro pekutonga kwedata uye ruzivo rwakapihwa kuvanhu nezvekuva chikamu chemuyedzo.
"Kune matemplate akawanda atinogona kushandisazve mune ramangwana," anodaro McLaughlan.
Williams akati vanhu vashoma vakapinda muLiverpool vakadzosa michina yekuona zvinhu vachiti havafariri kunzwa kuti yaingotariswa nguva dzese. Midziyo iyi "haisi yemunhu wese," anodaro asi anotenda kuti izvi zvichachinjawo zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva sezvo vanhu vava kujaira michina yakaita semawachi akangwara nedzimwe tekinoroji.
"Hatigoni kutaura zvakawanda," anodaro. "Kune vanhu vakuru vakawanda avo nekuda kwedenda iri vakangoerekana vava nyanzvi muFacebook Portal kana Google Hub."
"Vari kushandisa tekinoroji vasingazviti tekinoroji - vanoziva kuti vanogona kutaura nevazukuru vavo kana vakaita izvi, izvi nezvizvi. Uye ndiyo nzira yatinoona vanhu vachigamuchira zvinhu."
Nyaya iyi yakatanga kubuda paCities Today.
Chikwereti chemufananidzo: SHVETS kugadzirwa kuburikidza nePexels
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-06-2022