naSara Wray, Mupepeti, Maguta Nhasi
https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/05/smart-home-iot-benefits-social-care-older-persons/
Kukwira kwemitengo yekuchengetedza nzanga, huwandu hwevanhu vachembera, uye kushomeka kwevashandi vanochengeta zvinounza matambudziko makuru kuvakuru venzvimbo yeUK.
Huwandu huri kukura huri kuongorora kuti rudzi rwazvino rwetekinoroji yekubatsira inogona sei kutsigira vagari vari munjodzi kuti vararame vakazvimirira kwenguva refu mudzimba dzavo, vachivandudza hupenyu hwavo uku panguva imwe chete vachibatsira kuenzanisa mabhajeti.
Makanzuru anofanirwawo kugadzirira iyo analogue kuenda kudhijitari switchover muna 2025, izvo zvinoda mhinduro zhinji dzenhare kuti dzisimudzirwe.
Tekinoroji dziri kuunzwa dzinosanganisira masensa, vatauri vakangwara uye mwenje, chaiyo chaiyo, uye vhidhiyo kutaurirana. Matanho akadai ane mukana wekuratidza simba rechokwadi redzimba dzakangwara kupfuura gadget gimmickry uye ultra-convenience.
Chikero uye mari inogara iri matambudziko. Kuti vafambire mberi kubva kuvatyairi vendege nemiedzo, makanzura akati wandei ari kutanga kugadzira kudyidzana kutsva nemhando dzemari.
Imba yekubikira inotaura nyaya
Sutton Council muLondon yanga ichishanda neSutton Housing Group uye tekinoroji kambani IoT Solutions Group kuendesa anenge zana nemakumi mashanu emumba masensa ayo anopa ruzivo rwenguva-chaiyo padanho remunhu.
Kudyidzana kwanga kwatove kuenderera mberi kwakatenderedza IoT nyaya dzekushandisa dzine chekuita nemarara uye kupaka. Sezvo kudiwa kwekutarisirwa munharaunda kwakawedzera panguva yedenda uye kuonana-munhu kwaifanira kudzikiswa, IoT Solutions Group yakakurumidza kuronda chigadzirwa chitsva.
Iyo sensor inotarisisa shanduko mumamiriro emuchadenga - sekubikira ketero, kuvhura gonhi kana kugadzira chikafu, uye inogona zvakare kuona zvinhu zvakaita sehurombo hwehurombo kana kunyorova.
Iwo ma sensors ane bhatiri, akabatanidzwa kuburikidza neakaderera-simba, yakafara-area network (LPWAN), akaunzwa kuburikidza nebhokisi retsamba, pasina mapulagi, waya kana gadziriso inodiwa uye hapana chikonzero chemukati-mumba internet yekubatanidza.
"[Vagari] vanokwanisa kuiisa mukicheni vokanganwa nezvazvo," anodaro Neal Forse, Muvambi & CTO paIoT Solutions Group.
"Shanduko dzemuchadenga dzinoonekwa ne sensor dzakaunganidzwa kune gore, uye ndipo patinomhanyisa ma analytics, tichishandisa maalgorithms kuona zviitiko zvevanhu zvichipesana nechero chimwe chinhu."
Izvi zvinovaka 'digital twin' yemunhu wega wega zvichienderana nemaitiro avo emaitiro uye zvinosimudza chenjedzo yekukurumidza kune muchengeti, nhengo yemhuri kana anoshanda akazvimirira kana shanduko patani yaonekwa.
Izvi zvinopa imwe nzira yekufonera pendant alarm, semuenzaniso, iyo vagari vanofanirwa kusundidzira uye, saBradley Coupar, Smart Place Project Manager uye Social Worker, Sutton Council, anoti, "kazhinji vanopedzisira vaturikwa kana kuiswa mudhirowa".
Coupar anoti sisitimu iyi yakatokonzera kupindira kwekutanga uye yakachengetedza hupenyu humwechete apo mugari akadonha mumba mavo.
Anoti mutyairi arikuenderera mberi aratidzawo mabhenefiti ekuona data uye kushandisa muchina kudzidza uye kufungidzira analytics kuti iite proactive, pane kuita react. Ine mukana wekudzikisa mari kukanzuru iyo inoshandisa chikamu chinodarika makumi manomwe kubva muzana chebhajeti rayo mukuchengeta magariro.
"Chinangwa hachisi chekubvisa hukama nevanhu [kana kuderedza] rutsigiro runopinda, asi ndezvekuona kuti unowana rutsigiro rwakafanira panguva chaiyo nenzira kwayo," anodaro.
Iyo IoT Solutions Boka sensor sevhisi inodhura yakatenderedza gumi GBP (13 USD) pamwedzi pamudziyo, ine zvidzikiso zvakaiswa zvichienderana nenhamba yemasensor uye kureba kwechibvumirano.
"Midziyo ye[telecare] yatinayo parizvino mumidziyo yevanhu - mutengo unodarika izvozvo," anodaro Coupar.
Ikozvino kiyi iri kuita kuti tekinoroji iwanikwe zvakanyanya kuburikidza nehurongwa hwehurongwa.
Pachikamu chinotevera chekuyedza, chishandiso chinosanganiswa mumapuratifomu evanopa telecare, izvo zvinozoita kuti zviwanikwe kune zvimwe zviremera zvemuno kumwe kunhu.
"Nyaya yaunosangana nayo nevatyairi nderekuti tekinoroji haina kuisirwa sechigadzirwa uye yakabatana kune mamwe ese enharembozha," anodaro Coupar. "Kubatanidza zvishandiso zvitsva mumhando dziripo dzatinadzo chimwe chinhu chandiri kusundidzira."
Vandudza, usagadzira
SaSutton, Kanzuru yeguta reNewcastle yakadzidzawo kuburikidza nekutyaira kuti kushanda nevadyidzani kwakakosha.
Kanzuru inoshanda neanopa mazano Urban Foresight semubatsiri wayo wekushandura dhijitari. Kutora nzira inotungamirwa nedambudziko, iyo reablement sevhisi mukati mekuchengetwa kwevanhu vakuru yakaonekwa senzvimbo iyo maturusi edhijitari anogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakosha - kunyanya ine chekuita nekudonha. Iyo yenguva pfupi sevhisi inobatsira vanhu kupora uye kugara vakazvimirira pamba mushure mekugara muchipatara kana shanduko yezvinodiwa.
Maitiro ekutsvaga akawana kuti 41 muzana yevashandisi vezvesevhisi vanosangana nekudonha pamberi kana panguva yekuchengeta kwavo pasuru, uye izvi zvanga zvisiri kurekodhwa pakati. Zvikonzero zvakajairika kwaive kusadya nekunwa zvakakwana, kupfuudza kana kudonha uchitenderera pamba, uye kuda kwekuenzanisa uye simba riri nani.
Chikwata chakaongorora tekinoroji kuti chione kuti maturusi api angabatsire pamwe neongororo yevashandisi yekuti vanhu vainzwa sei nezvehunyanzvi hwedhijitari.
Vakasarudza Amazon Alexa smart speaker yekuyeuchidza vanhu kuti vadye nekunwa, Philips Smart Hue mwenje wekubatsira vanhu kufamba pamba, uye chirongwa chekuvandudza chemuviri chinounzwa parunhare rwevhidhiyo.
"Takashamiswa kuti vangani vanhu vane Wi-Fi yekubatanidza uye hunyanzvi hwedhijitari uye vaifarira kushandisa matekinoroji kuvabatsira kuti vagare pamba zvakachengeteka," anodaro Emma Clement, Senior Consultant kuUrban Foresight.
Kuendeswa kwaive kudiki - kubva muchirimo 2021, vashandisi gumi nevaviri vakagamuchira musanganiswa wetekinoroji zvichienderana nezvavaida, asi Ben McLaughlan, Maneja weSevhisi, Care Services for Adult Social Care uye Integrated Services kuNewcastle City Council, anoti kunyangwe pachiyero ichi chirongwa chakaunza zvidzidzo zvakakosha.
Chishandiso cheAlexa chakanyanya kubudirira kune zviyeuchidzo, mwenje wakangwara waibudirira asi wainzi "zvakanyanya kuomarara kune zvakaedzwa zvikumbiro," uye vhidhiyo yekufona application haina kufambira mberi kupfuura humbowo hwepfungwa nekuda kwekunetsa kwekubatanidza.
Kuburikidza nepurojekiti hurongwa hwakatangwa zvakare hwekurekodha zviri nani.
Chidzidzo chikuru kukanzuru chaive chekutamba nesimba rayo. Muedzo wakaratidza kuti reablement timu inoiswa zvakanyanya kutsigira vanhu vakuru mukushandisa matekinoroji kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo, asi kwete kudziisa. Pachikamu chinotevera, kanzuru neUrban Foresight vachashanda nemumwe aripo parunhare ane ruzivo nekuburitsa tekinoroji yepamba nekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaita sekudzora masheya nekutenga.
“Nheyo yatakatora ndeiyi: vandudza, usagadzira,” anodaro Clement.
Kukosha kwekuongorora mari kwakagumisa kuti kushandisa tekinoroji yevatengi kunodhura uye kuti dai mutyairi wendege akadzivirira kuwa kamwe chete, ingadai yakazvibhadharira kanopfuura kaviri.
Chikamu chinotevera chichaedzawo pendants dzinoshandisa nharembozha kuti dzipfekedzwe kunze kwemba, uye dzinosanganisira tracker yenzvimbo yekutsigira vanorwara nedementia vanogona kurasika. Alexa zvishandiso zvichayedzwa zvakare munzvimbo yekugara yekuchengetedza.
Clement akati zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakakosha zvakadzidzwa kukosha kwekutora dambudziko-based, tekinoroji-agnostic nzira, pamwe nekuva nevashandi vakazvipira kuti vatarise chirongwa.
Basa iri zvakare kubatanidzwa muCollaborative Newcastle, mubatanidzwa pakati pekanzuru, hutano uye masangano ekuchengetedza magariro, chikamu chekuzvidira nemayunivhesiti kuvandudza hutano uye kugara zvakanaka muguta. Chirongwa ichi chave nedhijitari yekushanda, iyo ichabatsira kuona kuti mazano matsva aongororwa nenzira yakazara, anodaro McLaughlan.
Dzokera pakudyara
Liverpool iri kuedza tekinoroji yehutano hwedhijitari pamusoro peiyo yayo 5G network. Izvi zvinotsigira zvakanyanya kukosha maapplication uye zvinopa kugona kutaura kwezwi, izvo Ann Williams, Komisheni uye Kondirakiti Maneja weAdult Social services kuLiverpool City Council, anoti chakakosha.
"Kune akawanda masensa anogona kushandisa IoT uye akanaka kwazvo," anodaro. "Idzo dzakachipa pane zvechinyakare telecare midziyo, saka izvo zvinowedzera. Asi isu tinoziva kuti haigone kutsiva iyo telecare system nenzira imwechete nekuti haugone kutaura nezwi."
Chikamu chekutanga chebasa chakatanga muna Kubvumbi 2018 sechikamu cheDhipatimendi reTsika, Media uye Sport's 5G Testbeds uye Trials Chirongwa uye chakashanda kwemwedzi makumi maviri.
Iyo purojekiti, iyo yakabhadharwa seyekutanga 5G-inotsigirwa yehutano kuyedza yerudzi rwayo muEurope, yakagamuchira 4.9 miriyoni GBP (6.4 miriyoni USD) yekuyedza kuti tekinoroji ye5G ingapa sei hutano hunoyerwa uye hutano hwekutarisira munharaunda munharaunda isina madhijitari.
Yakaunzwa ne-cross-sector consortium uye 11 matekinoroji akaedzwa nevanozvipira, kusanganisira maapplication ekuderedza kusurukirwa, telehealth masevhisi, chaiyo chaiyo inoshungurudza kurwadziwa, sensors yezvakatipoteredza, anti-dehydration mudziyo, uye pharmacy vhidhiyo link inoita kuti vanhu vatore mushonga vakachengeteka kumba.
Ongororo yakagumisa kuti kushandisa kunogona kuvandudza mhedzisiro yehutano uye hupenyu hwevashandisi vebasa uye zvakare kuwedzera kugona kwehutano nemagariro ekuchengetedza masevhisi.
Ongororo iyi yakaverengera inofungidzirwa kuti inogona kuchengetedza mari kune hutano uye hutano hwekutarisira masevhisi anopfuura 200,000 GBP pavashandisi zana pagore, zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hunoshandiswa.
Chikamu chechipiri chepurojekiti yakagamuchira imwe 4.3 miriyoni GBP yekugadzira yakavanzika 5G network yehutano nemagariro ekuchengetedza masevhisi munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzeLiverpool.
Tekinoroji dzinosanganisira yekurapa-giredhi mudziyo wekutarisa uye kutarisa mamiriro ehutano kure, app inodzidzisa maitiro ekudzikisa kusagadzikana, iri kure GP triaging sevhisi, kuchengetedza maronda uye manejimendi uye sensor tekinoroji.
Iyo purojekiti ichangobva kuwedzerwa kushanda kusvika Gunyana 2022 uye ine chinangwa chekugadzira 'blueprint' yekushandiswa kweakavanzika 5G network mukuendesa masevhisi eruzhinji.
Iyo purojekiti ichaguma nekuongororwa kwakadzama kwebhizinesi kesi kune yakavanzika 5G.
Williams akati izvi zvichange zviri zvese zvemhando yepamusoro-yehupenyu pamwe neiyo yakaoma mari uye zvinogona kusanganisira zvinhu zvakaita semitengo inodziviswa kuburikidza nevanhu vanogara vakazvimiririra kwenguva yakareba, kudzikiswa kwekudonha uye kusunungurwa kwemaawa evachengeti.
Kuongorora mabhenefiti akaonekwa zvinoreva kujeka nezvezvinangwa, anodaro.
"Tagara tiine mantra chaiyo yekusina tekinoroji nekuda kwetech. Kune marudzi ese ewhiz bang tekinoroji kunze uko, asi mubvunzo ndewekuti: iri kugadzirisa dambudziko renguva refu chairo here?"
The network effect
Nepo nyaya yebhizinesi isiri mubvunzo wemari chete, maguta anofanirwa kufunga kuti zvirongwa zvinogona kupihwa mari kwenguva yakareba sei.
Nzira inokura yekuita bhizinesi kesi inzira yakazara.
Williams anoti: “Tine maonero akasiyana-siyana emagariro evanhu kupfuura utano uye kutarisirwa kwevanhu. "Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvatingashandise iyi [network]."
Kuratidzira maitiro, chirongwa cheLiverpool chiri kusungirirwa mukuedza kudzikisa kupatsanurwa kwedhijitari kuitira kuti vanhu vazhinji vawane mikana yepamhepo yedzidzo, yebasa uye yemagariro.
Kupfuurirazve, nekuti network yeLiverpool yakavanzika, guta rinogona kupa 'zvidimbu' kune nharembozha nhare kuzadza mapeji ekuvhara.
"Izvi zvinodzosera hukama hwakajairika nemakambani enharembozha," anodaro Williams. “Imwe yemakambani makuru yakati kwandiri: ‘Ann, hatina dhipatimendi ratinotengesera makanzuru: tinokutengesera.’”
Williams anotarisira kuti iyi "inovhiringidza" modhi ichave yakakurumbira pakati pevakuru venzvimbo.
Kubvuma
Dzimba dzevanhu ndidzo nzvimbo dzavo dzakavandika saka pane mibvunzo yekuti kutariswa kwedhijitari kunogona kunzwa kusapindirana.
Coupar anoti vashoma vagari vakapihwa sevhisi muSutton vakaramba. Hapana rekodhi rekuona kana redhiyo rinoitika, uye hapana data remunhu rinounganidzwa.
"Zvakanga zviri nyore kubvunza nekuti pakanga pasina chikonzero chekuiswa kwakaoma. Panguva apo vanhu vainetsekana nezvehutano hwavo, ndinofunga zvakagamuchirwa kuti zviremera zveko zvaifunga nzira dzekuchengetedza vanhu."
Newcastle yakaona kuti vamwe vagari vakangwarisa pavakafonerwa uye zvakaratidza kuti zvakakosha kuti vatore michina yacho voiratidza.
Urban Foresight yakapa gwara pamusoro pekutonga kwedata uye ruzivo rwakapihwa kuvanhu nezve kuve chikamu chekutongwa.
"Zvechokwadi kune akawanda matemplate atinogona kushandisa zvakare mune ramangwana," anodaro McLaughlan.
Williams akati nhamba diki yevatori vechikamu muLiverpool yakadzosa masensa zvishandiso vachiti havafarire kunzwa kuti vari kutariswa nguva dzese. Zvishandiso "hazvisi zvemunhu wese," anodaro asi anotenda kuti izvi zvichachinjawo zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva sezvo vanhu vanozojaira kujaira kumidziyo yakaita sewachi dzakangwara uye humwe hunyanzvi.
“Isu hatigoni kutaura mashoko akadzama,” anodaro. "Kune [vanhu vakuru] vazhinji avo nekuda kwedenda vakangoerekana vava nyanzvi muFacebook Portal kana Google Hub."
"Vari kushandisa tekinoroji vasinganyatso kuidaidza kuti tekinoroji - vanoziva kuti vanogona kutaura nevazukuru vavo kana vakaita izvi, izvi neizvi. Uye ndiyo nzira yatinoona nayo vanhu vachitambira zvinhu."
Ichi chinyorwa chakatanga kubuda paCities Today.
Chikwereti chemufananidzo: SHVETS kugadzirwa kuburikidza nePexels
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-06-2022