Mitengo yedu ichave yakakura uye inokwikwidza nekuda kwesimba redu rekugadzira, kunyangwe mitengo yacho inogona kuchinja zvichienderana nekupa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemusika. Isu tichakutumira iwe yakagadziridzwa mutengo runyorwa mushure mekambani yako kutibata nesu kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.
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Unogona kuita mubhadharo kubhengi account yedu, Western Union kana PayPal:
30% dhipoziti pachine nguva, 70% chiyero chinopesana nekopi yeB / L.
Isu garandi zvinhu zvedu uye magadzirirwo. Kuzvipira kwedu ndiko kugutsikana kwako nezvigadzirwa zvedu. Mune waranti kana kwete, itsika yekambani yedu kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa zvese zvevatengi zvinogutsa munhu wese.
Ehe, isu tinogara tichishandisa emhando yepamusoro ekisipoti packaging. Isu tinoshandisawo yakasarudzika njodzi kurongedza kune zvinhu zvine njodzi uye yakasimbiswa inotonhora yekuchengetedza inotakura zvinhu zvinodzivirira tembiricha. Nyanzvi kurongedza uye zvisiri-yakajairwa kurongedza zvinodiwa zvinogona kuunza imwe mari.
Mari yekutumira inoenderana nenzira yaunosarudza kuwana zvinhu. Express ndiyo nzira inokurumidza asi zvakare inodhura zvakanyanya. By seafreight ndiyo yakanakisa mhinduro kune yakakura mari. Chaiyo mitengo yekutakura tinogona kukupa chete kana tichiziva ruzivo rwehuwandu, huremu uye nzira. Ndapota taura nesu kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.
Muchokwadi, musiyano uripo pakati peOM3 vs OM4 fiber ingori mukuvakwa kweiyo fiber optical tambo. Musiyano mukuvaka unoreva kuti OM4 tambo ine attenuation iri nani uye inogona kushanda pakakwirira bandwidth kupfuura OM3. Chii chiri chikonzero cheizvi? Kuti fiber link ishande, mwenje unobva kuVCSEL transceiver wakawanda une simba rakakwana rekusvika kune anogamuchira kune rimwe divi. Pane maitiro maviri ekuita anogona kudzivirira izvi-optical attenuation uye modal dispersion.
Attenuation ndiko kudzikiswa kwesimba rechiratidzo chechiedza sezvachiri kufambiswa (dB). Attenuation inokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwechiedza kuburikidza nezvinongoitika zvikamu, senge tambo, tambo splices, uye zvinobatanidza. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa ma-connectors akafanana saka mutsauko wekuita muOM3 vs OM4 uri mukurasikirwa (dB) mutambo. OM4 fiber inokonzera kurasikirwa kwakaderera nekuda kwekuvakwa kwayo. Iyo yakanyanya attenuation inobvumidzwa nezviyero inoratidzwa pazasi. Iwe unogona kuona kuti kushandisa OM4 kunokupa kurasikirwa kwakaderera pamamita etambo. Iko kurasikirwa kwakaderera kunoreva kuti iwe unogona kuve neakareba zvinongedzo kana kuve neakawanda mated connectors mune chinongedzo.
Maximum attenuation inobvumirwa pa850nm: OM3<3.5 dB/Km; OM4<3.0 dB/Km
Chiedza chinofambiswa nenzira dzakasiyana pamwe nefiber. Nekuda kwekusakwana kuri mufiber, modhi idzi dzinosvika senguva dzakati siyanei. Sezvo mutsauko uyu uchiwedzera unopedzisira wasvika padanho rekuti ruzivo rwuri kufambiswa rusingagone kudhindwa. Uyu mutsauko pakati pepamusoro uye wakaderera modhi unozivikanwa se modal dispersion. Iyo modal dispersion inosarudza modal bandwidth iyo fiber inogona kushanda pairi uye uyu ndiwo mutsauko pakati peOM3 neOM4. Iyo yakaderera iyo modal dispersion, iyo yakakwirira iyo modal bandwidth uye yakakura huwandu hweruzivo hunogona kufambiswa. Iyo modal bandwidth yeOM3 uye OM4 inoratidzwa pazasi. Iyo yepamusoro bandwidth inowanikwa muOM4 inoreva diki modal dispersion uye nekudaro inobvumira matambo ekubatanidza kuti ave akareba kana kubvumira kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kuburikidza neakawanda mated connectors. Izvi zvinopa dzimwe sarudzo kana uchitarisa kune network dhizaini.
Minimum Fiber Cable Bandwidth pa850nm: OM3 2000 MHz·km; OM4 4700 MHz·km
Unogona kukurumidza kutizivisa nezve mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza umo zvigadzirwa zvichashandiswa, uine sarudzo yezvakadzama zvakatsanangurwa senge humidity, tembiricha, uye geological zvinhu. Isu tinogona kupa akarongedzerwa composite tambo/fiber nziyo uye mitengo kuzadzisa zvaunoda chaizvo. Customized chigadzirwa sarudzo dziripowo.
A fiber cable ine:
Core**: Ultra-pure glass/silica (8-62.5µm dhayamita) kuitira kutapurirana chiedza.
Cladding**: Yekunze layer ine yakaderera refractive index kuti ive nechiedza.
Coating **: Inodzivirira acrylate layer (250µm).
Simba nhengo**: Aramid warn/fiberglass rods.
Bhachi rekunze**: PE/PVC/LSZH zvinhu zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
| **Parameter** | **Single-Mode (SMF)** | **Multi-Modhi (MMF)** |
|------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Core Diameter | 8-10µm | 50/62.5µm |
| Distance | 80-120km | ≤550m (OM4) |
| Bandwidth | Unlimited (theoretically) | Yakaganhurirwa ne modal dispersion |
| Mutengo | Yepamusoro (laser masosi) | Pazasi (LED/VCSEL) |
| **Shandisa Nyaya ** | Telecom/5G backhaul | Data centers/Campus |
SDM tekinoroji dzinosanganisira:
Multi-core fibers (MCF)**: 7-19 cores / fiber, yakaratidza 1Pbps kutapurirana.
Mashoma-modhi fibers (FMF)**: Nzira dzakawanda dzemwenje pamusimboti.
Operator bhenefiti*: Inoderedza kuzara kwenzira; NTT yakaendesa MCF muTokyo metro.
Iyi fibers:
- Tungamira chiedza kuburikidza nemhepo (kwete girazi), kucheka latency ne 31% (1.46μs/km vs. 2.13μs/km).
-Target application: HFT (yakakwirira-frequency yekutengesa), quantum network.
*Dambudziko*: High attenuation (~3dB/km) vs. SMF's 0.17dB/km.
A: Nzvimbo nhatu dzakatariswa:
1. Fronthaul **: Shandisa G.654.E fibers (kurasikirwa kwakaderera, nzvimbo huru inoshanda) ye> 400G wavelengths.
2. Masero maduku **: Micro-cables (≤6mm dhayamita) kune dense deployments yemaguta.
3. Kubatanidzwa kweSDN **: Automate fiber resource allocation kuburikidza neOpenROADM.
A: Benefits zvinosanganisira:
- 30% kuderedzwa kwemutengo kuburikidza nevatengesi-agnostic dhizaini (semuenzaniso, Vodafone's Open Fiber Initiative).
-Kukurumidza kusimudzira (plug-uye-kutamba fiber modules).
A:** Miedzo yakakosha:
OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)**: Inoyera splice kurasikirwa / kuputsika.
Kuisa Kurasika Kuedzwa**: Kupera-kusvika-kumagumo dB kurasikirwa kuongororwa.
Chromatic Dispersion Test**: Yakakosha kune> 100G yakabatana masisitimu.
1. **Nhanho 1**: Tsvaga kukanganisa mukati me3m uchishandisa yakakwirira-resolution OTDR.
2. **Nhanho 2**: Shandisa marobhoti fiber crawlers kuti zvigadziriswe pasi pevhu.
3. ** Nhanho 3 **: Shandisa fusion splicers ne ≤0.02dB splice kurasikirwa.
Mhando huru dzinosanganisira:
-Single-mode fiber (SMF):** Yakagadzirirwa kureba-kure, yakakwirira-bandwidth kutapurirana (eg, 1310/1550nm wavelengths).
-Multimode fiber (MMF): ** Inoshandiswa kune mafupi madaro (eg, OM1 / OM2 / OM3 / OM4 / OM5 ye850 / 1300nm).
Tambo dzemukati/Panze:** Dzakashongedzerwa, dzisina-zvombo, ribhoni, kana magadzirirwo echubhu.
-specialty tambo: ** FTTH (Drop tambo), tambo dzepasi pemvura, tambo dzemuchadenga, nezvimwe.
funga:
- **Kureba:** SMF ye > 1km; MMF ye ≤500m (inosiyana ne data data).
- **Mutengo:** MMF transceivers akachipa asi SMF inopa remangwana-proofing.
- ** Chikumbiro: ** SMF ye telecom / refu-haul; MMF yedata centers/LANs.
Mazano akakosha:
- Dzivisa kudarika ** dhonza tension ** (semuenzaniso, ≤150N yeSMF).
- Chengetedza zvishoma ** bend radius ** (semuenzaniso, 20mm yetambo dzechigamba).
- Shandisa zvakakodzera ** splicing / connectors ** (LC / SC / MPO) uye yakachena ferrule inopera.
-Edza ne ** OTDR/mamita emagetsi ** post-kuiswa.
Kazhinji ** 20-25 makore **, asi zvinoenderana ne:
- Zvakatipoteredza zvinhu (unyoro, UV kuratidzwa).
- Mechanical stress (kukotama, vibrations).
-Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji kunogona kukurudzira kukwidziridzwa pamberi peEOL.