Mitengo yedu ichave yakanaka uye inokwikwidzana nekuda kwekugona kwedu kugadzira zvinhu, kunyangwe mitengo yacho ichichinja zvichienderana nekuwanikwa kwezvinhu nezvimwe zvinhu pamusika. Tichakutumirai runyorwa rwemitengo rwakagadziridzwa mushure mekunge kambani yenyu yatibata kuti muwane rumwe ruzivo.
Kwete. Tichakupa mutengo zvichienderana nehuwandu hwako. Kana ukatenga zvakawanda, mutengo wako uchava uri nani. Uye kana uchida masampuli emahara, ndapota taura nesu neemail.
Ehe, hongu. Tinogona kukupa magwaro ane chekuita nazvo, akadai seZvitupa zveKuongorora / Kutevedzera; Inishuwarenzi; Kwakatangira, nemamwe magwaro ekutumira kunze kwenyika.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwenyu uye modhi zvakadzama, tichakupai nguva yakakodzera yekutora sampuli. Semazuva ese, kune masampuli, nguva yekutora sampuli ingangoita mazuva manomwe. Pakugadzira sampuli yakawanda, nguva yekutora sampuli ingangoita mazuva makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu mushure mekugamuchira muripo wedhipoziti. Tizivisei mahara kana muine chero chinodiwa chakakosha.
Unogona kubhadhara kuaccount yedu yebhangi, Western Union kana PayPal:
30% dhipoziti pachine nguva, 70% yasara uchienzaniswa nekopi yeB/L.
Tinovimbisa zvinhu zvedu uye basa redu. Kuzvipira kwedu ndekwekuti mugutsikane nezvigadzirwa zvedu. Zvisinei nekuti garandi yacho haina, itsika yekambani yedu kugadzirisa matambudziko ese evatengi zvinogutsa munhu wese.
Ehe, tinogara tichishandisa kurongedza kwemhando yepamusoro kwekutengesera kunze kwenyika. Tinoshandisawo kurongedza zvinhu zvine njodzi zvakanangana nezvigadzirwa zvine njodzi uye kutakura zvinhu zvinotonhora zvakabvumidzwa nevatengi vezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa. Zvinodiwa zvepakeji zvine hunyanzvi uye zvekurongedza zvisiri zvemhando yepamusoro zvinogona kuwedzera muripo.
Mari yekutumira inoenderana nenzira yaunosarudza kutenga zvinhu. Express ndiyo nzira inokurumidza uye inodhura zvakanyanya. Kutakura zvinhu nechikepe ndiyo mhinduro yakanakisisa yehuwandu hwakawanda. Mitengo yekutakura zvinhu tinogona kukupa chete kana tichiziva huwandu, huremu uye nzira yacho. Ndokumbirawo mutibate kuti muwane rumwe ruzivo.
Kutaura zvazviri, musiyano uripo pakati pe OM3 ne OM4 fiber uri mukugadzirwa kwe fiber optical cable. Musiyano uripo mukugadzirwa kwe OM4 cable unoreva kuti OM4 cable ine attenuation iri nani uye inogona kushanda pa bandwidth yakakwira kupfuura OM3. Chii chinokonzera izvi? Kuti fiber link ishande, chiedza chinobva kuVCSEL transceiver chine simba rakakwana rekuti chisvike kune receiver kune rimwe divi. Kune maitiro maviri anogona kudzivirira izvi - attenuation ye optical uye modal dispersion.
Kudzikira kwesimba rechiratidzo chechiedza parinotumirwa (dB). Kudzikira kwesimba kunokonzerwa nekurasikirwa nechiedza kuburikidza nezvinhu zvisingashande, zvakaita setambo, matambo etambo, uye maconnector. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa maconnector akafanana saka musiyano wekushanda muOM3 vs OM4 uri mukurasikirwa (dB) kwetambo. OM4 fiber inokonzera kurasikirwa kwakaderera nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo. Kudzikira kwesimba kwakanyanya kunobvumirwa nezvinodiwa kunoratidzwa pazasi. Unogona kuona kuti kushandisa OM4 kuchakupa kurasikirwa kwakaderera pamita imwe neimwe yetambo. Kudzikira kwesimba kunoreva kuti unogona kuva nemalink akareba kana kuva nemaconnector akawanda akabatana mu link.
Kudzikiswa kwakanyanya kunobvumirwa pa850nm: OM3<3.5 dB/Km; OM4<3.0 dB/km
Chiedza chinopfuudzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana pamwe chete nefiber. Nekuda kwekusakwana kuri mufiber, nzira idzi dzinosvika panguva dzakasiyana zvishoma. Sezvo musiyano uyu uchikura unozosvika panzvimbo apo ruzivo rwuri kupfuudzwa harugone kutsanangurwa. Musiyano uyu uripo pakati pemhando dzepamusoro nedzepasi unozivikanwa semodal dispersion. Modal dispersion ndiyo inosarudza modal bandwidth iyo fiber inogona kushanda nayo uye uyu ndiwo musiyano uripo pakati peOM3 neOM4. Kana modal dispersion yakaderera, modal bandwidth yakakwira uye huwandu hweruzivo runogona kupfuudzwa hwakawanda. Modal bandwidth yeOM3 neOM4 inoratidzwa pazasi. Bandwidth yakakwira inowanikwa muOM4 inoreva modal dispersion diki uye nokudaro inobvumira cable links kuti dzive refu kana kuti inobvumira kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kuburikidza nema connectors akawanda. Izvi zvinopa sarudzo dzakawanda kana uchitarisa dhizaini yenetwork.
Bandwidth yetambo yeFiber shoma pa850nm: OM3 2000 MHz·km; OM4 4700 MHz·km
Munogona kutizivisa nezvemamiriro ekunze ayo zvigadzirwa zvichashandiswa, muchisarudza zvinhu zvakadzama zvakaita sehunyoro, tembiricha, uye zvinhu zvepasi. Tinogona kupa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa netambo/fiber zvakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemi. Sarudzo dzezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nemi dzinowanikwawo.
Tambo yefaibha ine:
Core**: Girazi/silica yakachena kwazvo (dhayamita 8-62.5µm) yekufambisa chiedza.
Kufukidza**: Chidimbu chekunze chine chiratidzo che refractive chakaderera kuti chive nechiedza.
Kuputira**: Rutivi rweacrylate runodzivirira (250µm).
Nhengo dzesimba**: Nhumbi dzeAramid/fiberglass.
Jekete rekunze**: Zvinhu zvePE/PVC/LSZH zvekuchengetedza nharaunda.
| **Paramita** | **Modhi Imwe Chete (SMF)** | **Modhi Yakawanda (MMF)** |
|----------------------|- ...
| Dhayamita Yepakati | 8-10µm | 50/62.5µm |
Kureba | 80-120km | ≤550m (OM4) |
| Bandwidth | Isingaperi (mupfungwa) | Inogumira nekuda kwekupararira kwemodal |
| Mutengo | Yakakwira (manyuko elaser) | Yakaderera (LED/VCSEL) |
| **Shandisa Kesi** | Telecom/5G backhaul | Nzvimbo dzedata/kambasi |
Tekinoroji dzeSDM dzinosanganisira:
Mafiber akawanda-makori (MCF)**: Macores 7-19/fiber, anoratidzwa ne1Pbps transmission.
Fiber dzemhando shoma (FMF)**: Nzira dzakawanda dzechiedza pamoyo wega wega.
Kubatsira kwemushandisi*: Kunoderedza kuzara kwemigwagwa; NTT yakaisa MCF muTokyo metro.
Mafaibha aya:
- Tungamira chiedza kuburikidza nemhepo (kwete girazi), uchideredza nguva yekunonoka ne31% (1.46μs/km vs. 2.13μs/km).
- Mashandisirwo akagadzirirwa: HFT (kutengeserana kwakawanda), network dze quantum.
*Dambudziko*: Kudzikira kwakanyanya (~3dB/km) zvichienzaniswa neSMF's 0.17dB/km.
A: Nzvimbo nhatu dzinonyanya kutariswa:
1. Fronthaul**: Isa mafiber eG.654.E (kurasikirwa kushoma, nzvimbo yakakura inoshanda) kune ma wavelengths anopfuura 400G.
2. Masero madiki**: Tambo diki (≤6mm dhayamita) dzekushandisa mumaguta akawanda.
3. Kubatanidzwa kweSDN**: Kugovanisa fiber resource otomatiki kuburikidza neOpenROADM.
A: Mabhenefiti anosanganisira:
- Kuderedzwa kwemitengo ne30% kuburikidza nemagadzirirwo asingazivikanwe nevatengesi (semuenzaniso, Vodafone's Open Fiber Initiative).
- Kuvandudzwa nekukurumidza (plug-and-play fiber modules).
A:** Miedzo yakakosha:
OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)**: Inoyera kurasikirwa/kuputsika kwezvikamu.
Kuongororwa Kwekurasikirwa Kwekuisa**: Kuongororwa kwekurasikirwa kwedB kubva pakuguma kusvika kumagumo.
Kuedzwa kweChromatic Dispersion**: Zvakakosha kune masisitimu akabatana anopfuura 100G.
1. **Danho 1**: Tsvaga dambudziko mukati memamita matatu uchishandisa OTDR ine resolution yepamusoro.
2. **Danho rechipiri**: Isa zvinhu zvinokambaira zvemarobhoti kuti zvigadzirwe pasi pevhu.
3. **Danho rechitatu**: Shandisa ma "fusion splice" ane ≤0.02dB splice loss.
Mhando huru dzinosanganisira:
-Faibha yemhando imwe chete (SMF):** Yakagadzirirwa kutapurirana kwebandwidth yakakura uye kure (semuenzaniso, 1310/1550nm wavelengths).
-Multimode fiber (MMF):** Inoshandiswa pakufamba kwenguva pfupi (semuenzaniso, OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5 ye850/1300nm).
Tambo dzemukati/dzekunze:** Magadzirirwo esimbi, asina simbi, ribhoni, kana kuti machubhu akareruka.
-tambo dzehunyanzvi:** FTTH (Tambo dzeDrop), tambo dzemugungwa, tambo dzemudenga, nezvimwewo.
funga nezve:
- **Dara:** SMF ye >1km; MMF ye ≤500m (inosiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwedata).
- **Mutengo:** Ma transceiver eMMF akachipa asi SMF inopa nzira dzekuchengetedza mafambiro emagetsi mune ramangwana.
- **Kushandiswa:** SMF yekutaurirana/kufamba kwenguva refu; MMF yenzvimbo dzedata/LAN.
Nhungamiro huru:
- Dzivisa kudarika **kudhonza simba** (semuenzaniso, ≤150N yeSMF).
- Chengetedza dhayamita shoma yekukombama** (semuenzaniso, 20mm yetambo dzechigamba).
- Shandisa **splicing/connectors** dzakakodzera (LC/SC/MPO) uye chenesa magumo eferrule.
- Edza ne **OTDR/magetsi mamita** mushure mekuiswa.
Kazhinji **makore 20–25**, asi zvinoenderana ne:
- Zvinhu zvinokonzeresa zvakatipoteredza (hunyoro, kusvibiswa neUV).
- Kushushikana kwemuchina (kukotama, kudedera).
- Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunogona kukonzera kuvandudzwa kweEOL isati yasvika.